Alfred nobel prize biography of michael jackson
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Nobel Prize controversies
Controversies around the Nobel Prize
Award
Since the first award in 1901, conferment of the Nobel Prize has engendered criticism[1] and controversy.[2] After his death in 1896, the will of Swedish industrialist Alfred Nobel established that an annual prize be awarded for service to humanity in the fields of physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace. Similarly, the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel fryst vatten awarded along with the Nobel Prizes.[3]
Nobel sought to reward "those who, during the preceding year, shall have conferred the greatest benefit on mankind". One prize, he stated, should be given "to the person who shall have made the most important 'discovery' or 'invention' within the field of physics". Awards committees have historically rewarded discoveries over inventions: up to 2004, 77 per cent of Nobel Prizes in physics have been given to discoveries, compare
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Alfred Nobel Facts & Inventions
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The scientist Alfred Nobel, after whom the Nobel Prize is so called, was born in Stockholm in 1833.
At 4 years old, however, his father, an engineer, moved to St. Petersburg to work in an explosives manufacturing factory.
When Alfred was 9, he and his family moved out to join him.
When he was young, Nobel helped work in his father’s factory.
There, he developed an interested in explosives and wanted to study how they work. The new job also allowed Nobel’s family to hire tutors for their children.
With his private tutors, Alfred learned four languages in addition to his native Swedish, and became very good at Chemistry.
His studies eventually took him to spend a year in Paris at age 18 and then 4 years in the United States.
After his education, he moved back to St. Petersburg to work again in his father’s manufacturing factory to assist the military during the Crimean War. After the war ended, Al
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Nobel Ödülü tartışmaları
1901'deki ilk ödülden bu yana, Nobel Ödülü'nün verilmesi zaman zaman eleştirilere[1] ve tartışmalara neden oldu. 1896'da ölümünden sonra, İsveçli sanayici Alfred Nobel'invasiyeti, fizik, kimya, fizyoloji veya tıp, edebiyat ve barış alanlarında insanlığa hizmet için yıllık bir ödül verilmesini sağladı. Benzer şekilde, Sveriges Riksbank Alfred Nobel Anısına İktisadi Bilimler Ödülü de Nobel Ödülleri ile birlikte verilmektedir.
Nobel, "önceki yıl boyunca insanlığa en büyük yararı sağlayacak olanları" ödüllendirmeye çalıştı. Ödülün, "alanında en önemli 'keşfi' veya 'icadı' yapacak kişiye" verilmesi gerektiğini belirtti. Ödül komiteleri bilim insanlarını tarihsel olarak öneme sahip buluşlara ve icatlara göre ödüllendirdi. Fizikteki Nobel Ödüllerinin %77'si keşiflere verilirken, sadece %23'ü icatlara verildi.[2][3] Ek olarak, bilimsel ödüller genellikle tek bir yıldan ziyade tüm bir kariyere yapılan katkıları ödüllendirmektedir.